What is PFAS?

PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are harmful chemicals that can be found in a wide range of everyday products. These products include nonstick pans, water-resistant clothing, fire suppression foams, and certain types of furniture. They can also be found in personal care products like shampoo, toothpaste, and makeup, as well as in some types of cookware and food packaging. These chemicals can be released into the environment through industrial processes and the leaching of toxic waste through landfills, leading to contamination of the air, soil, and water. Long-term exposure to PFAS can cause serious health problems such as liver damage, high cholesterol, weakened immune system, low birth weights, and various types of cancer. In this article, we will explore ways to remove PFAS from water in order to protect ourselves from these dangers.

PFAS in Singapore water?

As PFAS is an emerging contaminant, the WHO has not set any guideline values for PFAS in drinking water. Thus, PFAS standards are currently not specified in Singapore’s regulations. Nevertheless, PUB has included PFAS in its routine testing and monitoring regime since 2016 as part of its proactive monitoring for contaminants of emerging concern. Based on existing laboratory testing capabilities available globally, these compounds have not been detected in our drinking water.

Carbon Filtration

Carbon filtration is a common and effective method for removing PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) from water. One type of carbon filtration, called granular activated carbon (GAC), is particularly effective at eliminating these harmful chemicals. GAC works by adsorbing PFAS molecules onto its surface, effectively removing them from the water. This process is highly efficient and can remove a wide range of PFAS compounds, including both shorter-chain and longer-chain types. GAC is a well-known and widely used technology for other water treatment purposes, so it is often a cost-effective choice for utilities. The Orange County Water District in the US has tested GAC and other products, such as ion exchange and novel absorbents, for improving water quality. Carbon filtration is also popular in the point-of-use sector because it is easy to change the filtration cartridges. Overall, carbon filtration is a reliable and effective method for removing PFAS from water, making it an important tool in protecting our drinking water from these harmful chemicals.

UVC light

UVC light is a type of ultraviolet light that has been shown to be effective in breaking down PFAS molecules. It works by using a high-energy light wavelength to disrupt the chemical bonds within the PFAS molecules, breaking them down into smaller, less harmful compounds. UVC light can be used in conjunction with other treatment technologies, such as reverse osmosis or supercritical water oxidation, to provide an additional layer of protection against PFAS contamination. It is important to note, however, that UVC light is only effective in breaking down certain types of PFAS, and may not be as effective at removing longer-chain or more complex PFAS compounds. In addition, UVC light is not a standalone solution for treating PFAS-contaminated water, and should be used in conjunction with other treatment methods to ensure the most effective removal of these chemicals.

PFOA and PFOS

PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) and PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid) are two specific types of PFAS that have been used in the manufacture of consumer goods. Both have been phased out by major manufacturers in response to concerns about their potential health and environmental impacts. However, they are still present in the environment as a result of past use and can be found in the blood of the general population.

Conclusion

To protect against PFAS contamination, it is important to properly dispose of products containing these chemicals and to use water filtration systems that are proven to be effective at removing them. It is also important to continue monitoring and researching the presence and effects of PFAS in the environment to ensure the safety of our drinking water.